From: Subject: Major study links chronic noise exposure to risk of heart attacks Date: Sun, 27 Nov 2005 08:13:28 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0112_01C5F32A.723AF690" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2670 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0112_01C5F32A.723AF690 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/esoc-msl112105.php Major study links chronic noise exposure to risk of = heart attacks

Public = release date:=20 23-Nov-2005
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Contact: Margaret Willson
m.willson@mwcommunicati= ons.org.uk
44-153-677-2181
European Society of = Cardiology

Major study links chronic noise exposure to risk of = heart=20 attacks

Research published online (Thursday 24 = November) in=20 European's leading cardiology journal, European Heart Journal[1], links = exposure=20 to chronic noise with an increased risk of heart attack.=20

Furthermore, the risk seems to be associated more with the = physiological=20 effect of environmental and work noise than with the annoyance it causes = individuals, although there are differences in effects between men and = women.=20

Their findings have prompted researchers from Charit=E9 University = Medical=20 Centre in Berlin, Germany, to call for the level requiring workplace ear = protection to be lowered from the current 85 decibels, widely used in = western=20 Europe, to somewhere between 65 and 75 decibels. They believe this is = especially=20 important for people with existing cardiovascular disease.=20

In a case-control study involving all 32 hospitals in Berlin between = 1998 and=20 2001, the researchers compared over 2,000 heart attack patients with = over 2,000=20 control patients admitted to trauma and general surgery departments. Of = the=20 4,115 total, about three-quarters were men and a quarter were women. The = mean=20 age of the men was 56 and the mean age of the women was 58.=20

The NaRoMI (Noise and Risk of Myocardial Infarction) study was = designed to=20 determine the association between chronic noise and the risk of heart = attack in=20 men and in women and to assess the risks of subjective annoyance and = objective=20 noise levels in the environment and the workplace. The research team = used=20 interviews and independent environmental and work noise assessments in = their=20 analysis. The findings apply to men and women under 70 living in cities, = who had=20 non-fatal heart attacks.=20

Lead author Dr Stefan Willich, Director of the Institute for Social = Medicine,=20 Epidemiology and Health Economics at the medical centre, said: "Our = results=20 demonstrate that chronic noise exposure is associated with a mildly to=20 moderately increased risk of heart attack. The increase appears more = closely=20 associated with actual sound levels rather than with subjective = annoyance.=20 However, there were differences between men and women and these need = further=20 investigation."=20

General environmental noise, such as that of traffic, affected both = sexes,=20 increasing the risk of heart attack by nearly 50% for men and by about=20 three-fold for women. Workplace noise levels increased the risk for men = by=20 nearly a third, but did not affect women's risk.=20

Where the individual's subjective reaction of annoyance was = concerned,=20 environmental noise had no effect on men, but marginally increased = women's risk.=20 However, the situation was reversed for workplace noise, with the risk = for men=20 from annoyance rising by nearly a third but with no effect in women.=20

Dr Willich said that the differences between men and women may be = because=20 women tend to spend more time at home and were generally less exposed to = loud=20 workplace noise. Most previous studies on noise had concentrated on men = and this=20 was the first to find evidence of an effect in women, so the results on = women=20 needed confirming. "However, gender-specific reaction and = pathophysiological=20 response also seems possible and we should investigate this," he said.=20

The researchers also found that risk did not rise in concert with = rising=20 noise levels. "This means we seem to be looking at a threshold at which = risk=20 occurs and remains constant above this, and this appears to be around 60 = decibels," said Dr Willich. Sixty decibels is the level of noise = typically=20 experienced, for example, in a busy large office.=20

The findings were consistent with a hypothesis that there is an = association=20 between long-term noise exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease, = according=20 to Dr Willich. (The study did not look at transitional exposure, such as = driving=20 to work. Nor did it include rural populations or people over 70).=20

A mechanism that might explain the link, said Dr Willich, was that = noise=20 could increase psychological stress and anger, leading to physiological = changes=20 in the body such as increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline, = which are=20 associated with increased blood pressure and plasma lipids.=20

"Such mechanism may be further modified by personal parameters =96 = smoking or=20 pressure from meeting deadlines. In that case, chronic noise would be = the=20 equivalent of an outside risk factor contributing to atherosclerosis and = cardiovascular disease."=20

His team plan further studies. But, in the meantime, their findings = have=20 convinced them that the current levels of 85 decibels (equivalent to = road=20 construction equipment, for example) are too high. "We should definitely = be=20 looking at something lower. The exact value is unclear, but somewhere = between 65=20 and 75 decibels," he said. "It is particularly important to focus on = people with=20 known cardiovascular disease to improve prevention for them, either by = not=20 exposing them chronically to heavy noise or by lowering the threshold = for=20 protective wear."=20

###

[1] Noise burden and the risk of myocardial infarction. European = Heart=20 Journal. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi658.=20

The European Heart Journal is an official journal of the European = Society of=20 Cardiology. Please acknowledge the journal as a source in any articles. = Paper=20 available on request.=20

Contact: (media inquiries only)
Margaret Willson: Tel:=20 44-153-677-2181 Mobile: 44-797-385-3347
Email:m.willson@mwcommunicati= ons.org.uk=20

ESC Press & PR Office (for independent comment):
Gina = Dellios:=20
Tel: 33-049-294-8627
Fax: 33-049-294-8669
Email: gdellios@escardio.org=20

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